What does "extinction" mean in behavior analysis?

In behavior analysis, "extinction" refers to the process of withholding reinforcement for a previously reinforced behavior, which subsequently leads to a decrease in the occurrence of that behavior over time. When a behavior that was once rewarded no longer receives that reinforcement, it tends to diminish and may eventually stop altogether.

This concept is crucial in behavior modification because it relies on the principle that behaviors are likely to continue when they are receiving positive reinforcement. By ceasing to provide reinforcement, the behavior loses its value to the individual, resulting in a decrease in its frequency. Extinction can be a valuable strategy in various settings, including applied behavior analysis, to diminish undesired behaviors.

The other options reflect different behavior management strategies. Introducing a new rewarding stimulus typically aims to promote a different behavior rather than extinguish an existing one. Encouraging positive behaviors through reinforcement refers to reinforcing desired behaviors rather than focusing on the reduction of undesired behaviors. Increasing the frequency of a behavior directly contradicts the concept of extinction, as it implies promoting rather than diminishing behavior.